Brooder.



H. L. WATSON.

BROODER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 9. 1915.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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H. L. WATSON.

BROODER.

Patented Oct. 24,1916.

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Iwoomtom trip HAROLD Ii. WATSON, OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WATSON MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF DELA- WARE.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 2%, 1911 6 Application fil'ed April 9, 1915. Serial No. 20,217.

vented certain new and useful Improvements in Brooders, whereof the following is a specification,'reference being had tothe accompanying drawings.

The invention relates .to brooders for rais ing young poultry, and particularly to that type of brooder known as the colony brooder, and has for its object the steady and uniform distribution of heat throughout the entire brooder without drying the moisture from the air.

In the ordinary class of colony brooder which has a central stove or heat radiator, and relies upon air as a medium to carry and distribute the heat, it is necessary, in order to supply sufficient heat for the whole brooder, to keep the radiating surface at a comparatively high temperature, say 400 to 600 degrees. This results in a decided difference in temperature between the heater and the edge of the brooder, and also when fresh air passes over this surfaceit is instantly dried out and all the humidity and moisture removed from it. This overheated dry air is both unpleasant and harmful to the chicks, providing a fertile cause of colds or other disorders.

his the object of my invention to remedy this situation, and at the same'time to provide an inexpensive, durable and eflicient brooder with a'uniform distribution of heat.

To this end I provide a heaterwith a combustion chamber and surround it with a water jacket and an annular radiating coil of water pipes, placed just within the edge of the brooder. By thus employing water to carry the heat, increasing the radiating surface and so placing the radiating coil, the greater part of the brooder receives heat from both directions (radiated out from the central stove and in from the radiating coil), and it is not necessary to keep the radiating surface at such a high temperature, 150 to 200 degrees being ordinarily sufiicient. At this temperature the air is not overheated or deprived of its moisture, and a better and more uniform distribution of heat attained.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure I, is a view of a brooder partly in elevation and partly in section conveniently illustrating my improvements. Fig. IT, is a perspective view of the heater and the radiating pipe connections.

The combustion chamber 1, is surrounded by a water acket 2, and provided with a vnrnain draft aperture 3, and a flue 4. The radiatmg coil 5, is made from one continuous pipe formed into a number of superimposed circles just within the edge of the brooder, which are of equal diameter and have the heater as a center. The ends of the coil are bent in and securely attached to the Water jacket at the top 6, and bottom 7, so that the whole coil is supported thereby. The hot water leaves the jacket at the highest part, enters the radiating coil, circulates through it, and returns to the jacket again at its lowest point, to be reheated and repeat the operation.

The vertical pipe 11, is connected to the radiating coil at a point just before it enters the bottom of the water jacket at 7, and extends upwardly and supports the expansion tank 10. This tank is also connected,ithrough by-pass 12, to the coil 5, at a point just after it emerges from the water jacket, so that it can easily take care of the expansion and contraction of the water as it is heated and cooled. The air vent 13, is located in by-pass 12, at the highest point in the system, while opening 14, in the top of the expansion tank affords a means for supplying the system with water.

Though the radiating coil 5, may be composed of as many turns .or coils as desired, I prefer to use two or more full turns with an additional half turn, .so that when the end is bent in to connect with the radiator again, it will enter it from the opposite side from that at which it emerged. In this Way there is created a greater amount of radiating surface on one side than the other, and

the top of the coil, as to keep the deflector in a substantially horizontal plane, so that all the heat which would naturally be radiated upward is deflected directly downon top, of the chicks.

In order to prevent loss of heatby radiation from the deflector, the inside is lined with a heavy fabric or blanket 17, of ashestos or other non-conductor of heat, and a heavy'curtain18, is attached to the edge of the deflector by any suitable means and extends nearly to the floor. The deflector is also fitted with two large doors 19, one at each side. These are designed to give the operator ready access to any part of the heater without disturbing the chicks, and to provide free ventilation during the warm season when most brooders are hot and stuffy.

In order to maintain a constant temperature within the brooder, I provide thermostat 20, supported by a suitable bracket 27, attached to the heater. By means of lever 21, fulcrumed at 22, and link 23, the movements of the thermostat are conveyed to a valve (not shown) in the flue 4, which controls the check draft. And at the same time the movements are also conveyed to the door 26, which controls the main draft aperture, by the chain 25? The door 26, and the valve governing the check draft are so connected that when one is completely closed, the other is wide open and vice versa, so that the opening of one will tend to close the other. In this way complete automatic regulation is provided.

The door 30, affords access to the ash pit of the heater, and is hinged at the top, so that it is at all times held closed by gravity. The entrance to the ash pit is also provided with a long upwardly extending lower lip 31, which prevents stray coals from falling out, which may cause disastrous fires. The heater is also equipped with a magazine 35, which communicates directly with the combustion chamber, and extends upwardly therefrom. The magazine is fitted with a lid 36, which may be removed, thereby affording an opening through which the fuel may be fed.

The operation of the device will be readily understood from the description and drawings. The water system is filled through the opening 14., in the top of the expansion tank, care beingtaken to leave the airvent 13, open during the process, to provide for the escape of the air in the water jacket, and coil at the-time. The magazine is filled with coal, which feeds down from time to time as needed. The fire is started which heats the water, and causes it to circulate through the coil, thus supplying heat'from the outer edge, as well as from the inside of the hood. In this way the heat is radiated both outwardly from the combustion chamber and the correct amount of heat be supplied, but it must also be supplied at the right place. The hot water moves steadily through the heating coils regardless of air currents carrying the heat to the outer edge of the deflector where it is most needed. Cold air reaching the heater from any side will be warmed by the radiating coil at the edge, and will not chill that side of the brooder as is the case when there is but a single central point of heat radiation. Furthermore, my hot water system eliminates the necessity of maintaining an extraordinarily high temperature of the heater and, therefore, consumes less fuel. It also furnishes that pleasant humid warmth which is so beneficial to the chicks, and does away with the disadvantages of dry and overheated air.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a brooder heater the combination of a combustion chamber, a water jacket adjacent said combustion chamber, a radiator in communication therewith, surrounding said water jacket but spaced away therefrom, and a deflector hood above the radiator. l

2. In a brooder heater the combination of a combustion chamber, a water jacket adjacent said combustion chamber, a radiator composed of equal and superposed coils, in communication therewith, surrounding said 5 water jacket but spaced away therefrom, and a deflector hood above the radiating coil.

3. In a brooder heater, the combination of a combustion chamber, a grate, a water jacket adjacent said combustion chamber, a

radiating coil in communication therewith, surrounding said water jacket and supported thereby, a deflector hood extending outwardly from the combustion chamber above the radiating coil and supported by 5 the radiating coil.

4. In a brooder heater the combination of a combustion chamber, a grate, a water jacket adjacent to the same, a deflector hood extending outwardly therefrom, a radiating coil of equal and superimposed coils surrounding said combustion chamber and supported thereby, and means attached thereto for keeping said coils in alinement and supporting the deflector hood from the coils.

5. In a brooder heater, the combination of a combustion chamber, a water jacket adjacent to said combustion chamber, a radiating coil surrounding said combustion chamber, composed of one or more complete coils, and

woman Y an additional half coil, whereby a greater amount of heat is radiated in one half of the brooder than in the other.

6. In a brooder heater provided with a combustion chamber, a grate, a main draft :.:;perture leading to the combustion chamber,

flue and a check draft aperture therein,

the combination of a water jacket adjacent to the combustion chamber, a radiating coil n communicating with andsurrounding id water jacket, and thermostatic means for controlling the main and check draft apertures.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, at Philadelphia, Pennsylt5 Vania, this seventh day of April, 1915.

HAROLD L. W'ATSQN. Witnesses:

-JAMES H. BELL,

E. L. Fnnnnn'ron. 

